Toothed wheels and rotating mirrors: Parisian astronomy and mid-nineteenth century experimental measurements of the speed of light
Identifieur interne : 000823 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000822; suivant : 000824Toothed wheels and rotating mirrors: Parisian astronomy and mid-nineteenth century experimental measurements of the speed of light
Auteurs : William Tobin [Nouvelle-Zélande]Source :
- Vistas in Astronomy [ 0083-6656 ] ; 1993.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Aads, Aads cornu, Aads foucault, Aberration, Acadeinie, Achromatic lens, Alfred cornu, Angular displacement, Annales, Annual aberration, April, Arago, Archives nationales, Astronomer, Astronomical unit, Astrophysical journal, Best estimate, Best estimates, Breguet, Brighter image, British association, Cambridge university press, Carbon disulphide, Cassini, Centrifugal forces, Charles wheatstone, Cole polytechnique, Collimator, Concave mirror, Cornu, Corpuscular, Corpuscular explanation, Corpuscular theory, David brewster, Dbtermination experimentale, Delambre, Delicate experiment, Denser media, Despretz, Dumas, Electromagnetic theory, Emission theory, Finite speed, First class, First telescope, Fizeau, Fizeau breguet, Foreign savants, Foucault, Francois arago, Franqois arago, French scientists, Froment, Greater accuracy, Gustave froment, Hippolyte fizeau, Historique, Interference experiment, John herschel, John murray, Jovian satellites, July, June, Laboratory measurement, Leon foucault, Leoon foucault, Light path, Light time, Linear deviation, Lumiere, Meridian room, Metre, Michelson, Mirror speed, Modern value, Monthly notices, Necessary resources, Observatoire, Observatory, Observatory physicist, Optical arrangement, Optical layout, Optics, Other scientists, Parallax, Paris observatory, Paris remer, Path length, Philosophical tmnsactions, Physical society, Physical units, Physicist felix savart, Physics textbooks, Physique, Plane mirror, Planetary motions, Planetary observations, Polytechnique, Practical implementation, Precise value, Public water supply, Real image, Refraction, Refractive index, Remer, Robert hooke, Royal institution, Royal society, Same idea, Science museum, Sciences physiques, September, Single mirror, Solar parallax, Solar system, Steeple chase, Terrestrial measurements, Tiny thermometers, Tobin, Toothed, Toothed wheel, Toothed wheels, Undulatory theory, Verrier, Vertical wire, Vitesse, Vitesses relatives, Water experiment, Water tube, Wave theory, Wheatstone, Wheel speed, White balls.
Abstract
Abstract: The speed of light was first shown to be finite by Rømer in 1676 at the Paris Observatory. A century and a half later the Observatory was again a centre of research on the speed of light—but this time in the laboratory or across Paris. Arago and Le Verrier, successive Observatory directors, encouraged Foucault, Fizeau and Cornu to rotate mirrors or spin toothed wheels. In an experiment devised by Arago, light was found to travel faster in air than water, completely demolishing the corpuscular theory, which had already been undermined by a number of physical experiments and astronomical observations. Subsequent absolute measurements supported the lower value for the speed of light and smaller distance to the Sun suggested by Le Verrier's analysis of solar-system motions.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/0083-6656(93)90132-4
Affiliations:
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A century and a half later the Observatory was again a centre of research on the speed of light—but this time in the laboratory or across Paris. Arago and Le Verrier, successive Observatory directors, encouraged Foucault, Fizeau and Cornu to rotate mirrors or spin toothed wheels. In an experiment devised by Arago, light was found to travel faster in air than water, completely demolishing the corpuscular theory, which had already been undermined by a number of physical experiments and astronomical observations. Subsequent absolute measurements supported the lower value for the speed of light and smaller distance to the Sun suggested by Le Verrier's analysis of solar-system motions.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li></country></list><tree><country name="Nouvelle-Zélande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Tobin, William" sort="Tobin, William" uniqKey="Tobin W" first="William" last="Tobin">William Tobin</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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